Monday, December 15, 2008

logic

After that we finished the geometry unit. Today we started a new unit called logic.We started by looking at what the word "logic" means. we then watched a videos about the word argument, what it means on http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teMlv3ripSM
We later studied some important words and definitions in logic


Logic: (from Classical Greek λόγος logos; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic

The argument: A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason:; A verbal dispute; a quarrel; A process of reasoning; A series of statements organized so that the final statement is a conclusion which is intended to follow logically from the preceding statements, which function as premises... en.wiktionary.org/wiki/argument .
The argument consists of two (2) parts:
1. a set of premises
2. a conclusion

We then started to make a difference between premises and a conclusion, valid argument and invalid argument
A premise is a valid truth
A conclusion is a result of an argument
An argument is called valid if its result is direct consequence of its premises. In a valid argument, if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true.
An argument is called invalid when its conclusion is not a direct consequence of it’s premises even if its conclusion are true.
Sound argument: an argument is sound if it is both valid and true

After learning the validity and the invalidity of an argument we learned the induction and deduction.
Induction: when we observe several particular examples of same things, and then conjecture that the “the discovered” pattern must always be true

Deduction: a process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.

We later did a drag and drop exercise on valid argument and invalid argument, inductive and deductive reasoning.

Mr. K gave us a homework which exercise number 45

The next scribe is Zawadi.

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